Weekly / February 10, 2023 / 72(6);137–140
A. Patricia Wodi, MD1; Neil Murthy, MD1; Veronica McNally, JD2; Sybil Cineas, MD3; Kevin Ault, MD4 (View author affiliations)
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At its October 2022 meeting, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices* (ACIP) approved the Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for Ages 18 Years or Younger, United States, 2023. The 2023 child and adolescent immunization schedule, available on the CDC immunization schedule website (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules), summarizes ACIP recommendations, including several changes from the 2022 immunization schedule† on the cover page, tables, notes, and appendix. Health care providers are advised to use the tables, notes, and appendix together to determine recommended vaccinations for patient populations. This immunization schedule is recommended by ACIP (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip) and approved by CDC (https://www.cdc.gov), the American Academy of Pediatrics (https://www.aap.org), the American Academy of Family Physicians (https://www.aafp.org), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (http://www.acog.org), the American College of Nurse-Midwives (https://www.midwife.org), the American Academy of Physician Associates (https://www.aapa.org), and the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (https://www.napnap.org).
ACIP’s recommendations for the use of each vaccine are developed after in-depth reviews of vaccine-related data, including the epidemiology and societal impacts of the vaccine-preventable disease, vaccine efficacy and effectiveness, vaccine safety, quality of evidence, feasibility of program implementation, and economic analyses of immunization policy (1). The child and adolescent immunization schedule is published annually to consolidate and summarize updates to ACIP recommendations on vaccination of children and adolescents and to assist health care providers in implementing current ACIP recommendations. The use of vaccine trade names in this report and in the child and adolescent immunization schedule is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by ACIP or CDC.
For further guidance on the use of each vaccine, including any changes that might occur after annual publication of the 2023 child and adolescent immunization schedule, health care providers are referred to the respective ACIP vaccine recommendations at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs. If errors or omissions are discovered within the schedule, CDC will post revised versions on the CDC immunization schedule website.§ Printable versions of the 2023 child and adolescent immunization schedule and instructions for ordering hard copies of the schedule are available on the immunization schedule website (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/).
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Vaccine-specific changes in the 2023 immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged ≤18 years include new or updated ACIP recommendations for influenza vaccine (2), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (3), measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) (4), and COVID-19 vaccine (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html), which have been added to the Tables and to the Notes sections. Changes also include clarification of the recommendations for dengue vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, Y vaccine (MenACWY), meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (MenB), inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), and varicella vaccine.
The notes for each vaccine are presented in alphabetical order. Edits have been made throughout the Notes section to harmonize language between the child and adolescent immunization schedule and the adult immunization schedule to the greatest extent possible.
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The Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule, United States, 2023 is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html. The full ACIP recommendations for each vaccine are also available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs. All vaccines identified in Tables 1, 2, and 3 (except DTaP, rotavirus, and PCV13) also appear in the Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for Ages 19 Years or Older, United States, 2023, available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html. The notes and appendix for vaccines that appear in both the child and adolescent immunization schedule and the adult immunization schedule have been harmonized to the greatest extent possible.
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Rosters of current and past members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/members/index.html.
Kevin Ault (Chair). Members: Henry Bernstein, Carolyn Bridges, Uzo Chukwuma, Sybil Cineas, Sarah Coles, Katherine Debiec, Marci Drees, John Epling, Susan Farrall, Mary-Margaret Fill, Holly Fontenot, Sandra Fryhofer, Kathleen Harriman, Robert Hopkins, Molly Howell, Paul Hunter, Karen Ketner, David Kim, Jane Kim, Marie-Michelle Leger, Susan Lett, Veronica McNally, Sarah McQueen, Amy B. Middleman, Pia Pannaraj, Diane Peterson, Chad Rittle, William Schaffner, Ken Schmader, Rhoda Sperling, Patricia Stinchfield, Peter Szilagyi, and L.J. Tan. Contributors: A. Patricia Wodi (CDC co-Lead), Neil Murthy (CDC co-Lead); CDC contributors: Tara Anderson, Jennifer Collins, Erin Conners, Laura Cooley, Samuel Crowe, Lisa Grohskopf, Elisha Hall, Susan Hariri, Holly Hill, Suzanne Johnson-DeLeon, Sarah Kidd, Miwako Kobayashi, Andrew Kroger, Elisabeth Krow-Lucal, Tatiana Lanzieri, Mona Marin, Lauri Markowitz, Lucy McNamara, Noele Nelson, Sara Oliver, Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Hilda Razzaghi, Janell Routh, Sarah Schillie, Tami Skoff, Jacqueline Tate, Mark Weng, Donna Williams, Akiko Wilson, and JoEllen Wolicki.
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Corresponding author: A. Patricia Wodi, awodi@cdc.gov.
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1Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC; 2Franny Strong Foundation, West Bloomfield, Michigan; 3The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; 4Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
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All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Veronica McNally reports that she is the president of the Franny Strong Foundation. Kevin Ault reports having received consulting fees from PathoVax, serving as a volunteer on the medical advisory board of Family Fighting Flu, and as a committee member of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
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* Recommendations for routine use of vaccines in children and adolescents are developed by ACIP, a federal advisory committee chartered to provide expert external advice and guidance to the CDC director on use of vaccines and related agents for the control of vaccine-preventable diseases in the civilian population of the United States. Recommendations for routine use of vaccines in children and adolescents are harmonized to the greatest extent possible with recommendations made by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Nurse-Midwives, the American Academy of Physician Associates, and the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. ACIP recommendations approved by the CDC director become agency guidelines on the date published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Additional information about ACIP is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip.
† Past immunization schedules are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/schedule-related-resources.html#accordion-2-collapse-3.
§ CDC encourages organizations to use syndication as a more reliable method for displaying the most current and accurate immunization schedules on an organization’s website rather than copying these schedules to their websites. Use of content syndication requires a one-time step that ensures an organization’s website displays current schedules as soon as they are published or revised; instructions for syndication code are available on CDC’s website https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/resource-library/syndicate.html. CDC also offers technical assistance for implementing this form of content syndication (requests can be e-mailed to ncirdwebteam@cdc.gov).
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Suggested citation for this article: Wodi AP, Murthy N, McNally V, Cineas S, Ault K. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger — United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:137–140. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7206a1.
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